Throughout their practice, paramedics are highly likely to encounter patients experiencing psychotic episodes with varying aetiologies, including mental illness, acute or chronic health conditions, infections, drug toxicity, and ageing. A clear grasp of the definition of psychosis is essential, as well as an awareness of the myriad causes—from organic to drug-induced.

In this module, you will explore the diagnostic challenges, the impacts of substances like cannabis on mental health, and the importance of tailored treatment plans that encompass both medication and supportive care. The challenge of providing quality care to this population involves gathering accurate information, considering safety concerns for the person, bystanders, and paramedics, making considered clinical decisions, and offering empathetic support to those in care.

Learning objectives:

• Define psychosis
• Distinguish psychosis presentations and appraise the approach and assessment of a person experiencing psychosis
• Consider the intersection between particular mental illnesses and psychosis
• Differentiate between organic aetiology, mental illness and ageing
• Review drug toxicity and its relationship to psychosis
• Appraise substance use and the presentation of psychosis.